Changes in Ocean Heat, Carbon Content, and Ventilation: A Review of the First Decade of GO-SHIP Global Repeat Hydrography

M Ishii; G C Johnson; K Katsumata; R M Key; M Kramp; C Langdon; A M Macdonald; J T Mathis; L D Talley; E L McDonagh; R A Feely; S Mecking; B M Sloyan; F J Millero; C W Mordy; R Wanninkhof; M O Baringer; T Nakano; J L Bullister; C L Sabine; C A Carlson; W M Smethie; S C Doney; J H Swift; R A Fine; T Tanhua; E Firing; A M Thurnherr; N Gruber; M J Warner; D A Hansell; J-Z Zhang

doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-052915-100829

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Changes in Ocean Heat, Carbon Content, and Ventilation: A Review of the First Decade of GO-SHIP Global Repeat Hydrography

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Changes in Ocean Heat, Carbon Content, and Ventilation: A Review of the First Decade of GO-SHIP Global Repeat Hydrography

M Ishii, G C Johnson, K Katsumata, R M Key, M Kramp, C Langdon, A M Macdonald, J T Mathis, L D Talley, E L McDonagh, …

Annual review of marine science, Vol.8(1), pp.185-215

2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-052915-100829

PMID: 26515811

Abstract

Climate

Temperature

Ships

Oceanography - instrumentation

Carbon - analysis

Seawater - chemistry

Water Movements

Global ship-based programs, with highly accurate, full water column physical and biogeochemical observations repeated decadally since the 1970s, provide a crucial resource for documenting ocean change. The ocean, a central component of Earth's climate system, is taking up most of Earth's excess anthropogenic heat, with about 19% of this excess in the abyssal ocean beneath 2,000 m, dominated by Southern Ocean warming. The ocean also has taken up about 27% of anthropogenic carbon, resulting in acidification of the upper ocean. Increased stratification has resulted in a decline in oxygen and increase in nutrients in the Northern Hemisphere thermocline and an expansion of tropical oxygen minimum zones. Southern Hemisphere thermocline oxygen increased in the 2000s owing to stronger wind forcing and ventilation. The most recent decade of global hydrography has mapped dissolved organic carbon, a large, bioactive reservoir, for the first time and quantified its contribution to export production (∼20%) and deep-ocean oxygen utilization. Ship-based measurements also show that vertical diffusivity increases from a minimum in the thermocline to a maximum within the bottom 1,500 m, shifting our physical paradigm of the ocean's overturning circulation.

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Citation topics: 8 Earth Sciences; 8.19 Oceanography, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; 8.19.153 Internal Waves
Web Of Science research areas: Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
ESI research areas: Geosciences

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Title: Changes in Ocean Heat, Carbon Content, and Ventilation: A Review of the First Decade of GO-SHIP Global Repeat Hydrography
Creators: M Ishii - Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba 305-0052, Japan; email: mishii@mri-jma.go.jp
G C Johnson - Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98115; email: richard.a.feely@noaa.gov , john.l.bullister@noaa.gov , gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov , jeremy.mathis@noaa.gov , chris.sabine@noaa.gov
K Katsumata - Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan; email: k.katsumata@jamstec.go.jp
R M Key - Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544; email: key@princeton.edu
M Kramp - JCOMM in-situ Observations Programme Support Center (JCOMMOPS), Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané 29280, France; email: mkramp@jcommops.org
C Langdon - Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149; email: rfine@rsmas.miami.edu , dhansell@rsmas.miami.edu , clangdon@rsmas.miami.edu , fmillero@rsmas.miami.edu
A M Macdonald - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543; email: sdoney@whoi.edu , amacdonald@whoi.edu
J T Mathis - Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98115; email: richard.a.feely@noaa.gov , john.l.bullister@noaa.gov , gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov , jeremy.mathis@noaa.gov , chris.sabine@noaa.gov
L D Talley - Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; email: ltalley@ucsd.edu , jswift@ucsd.edu
E L McDonagh - National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom; email: e.mcdonagh@noc.ac.uk
R A Feely - Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98115; email: richard.a.feely@noaa.gov , john.l.bullister@noaa.gov , gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov , jeremy.mathis@noaa.gov , chris.sabine@noaa.gov
S Mecking - Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; email: mecking@uw.edu
B M Sloyan - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; email: bernadette.sloyan@csiro.au
F J Millero - Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149; email: rfine@rsmas.miami.edu , dhansell@rsmas.miami.edu , clangdon@rsmas.miami.edu , fmillero@rsmas.miami.edu
C W Mordy - Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; email: mordy@uw.edu
R Wanninkhof - Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, Florida 33149; email: rik.wanninkhof@noaa.gov , molly.baringer@noaa.gov , jia-zhong.zhang@noaa.gov
M O Baringer - Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, Florida 33149; email: rik.wanninkhof@noaa.gov , molly.baringer@noaa.gov , jia-zhong.zhang@noaa.gov
T Nakano - Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo 100-8122, Japan; email: nakano_t@met.kishou.go.jp
J L Bullister - Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98115; email: richard.a.feely@noaa.gov , john.l.bullister@noaa.gov , gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov , jeremy.mathis@noaa.gov , chris.sabine@noaa.gov
C L Sabine - Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98115; email: richard.a.feely@noaa.gov , john.l.bullister@noaa.gov , gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov , jeremy.mathis@noaa.gov , chris.sabine@noaa.gov
C A Carlson - Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106; email: carlson@lifesci.ucsb.edu
W M Smethie - Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964; email: bsmeth@ldeo.columbia.edu , ant@ldeo.columbia.edu
S C Doney - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543; email: sdoney@whoi.edu , amacdonald@whoi.edu
J H Swift - Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; email: ltalley@ucsd.edu , jswift@ucsd.edu
R A Fine - Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149; email: rfine@rsmas.miami.edu , dhansell@rsmas.miami.edu , clangdon@rsmas.miami.edu , fmillero@rsmas.miami.edu
T Tanhua - GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24015 Kiel, Germany; email: ttanhua@geomar.de
E Firing - Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822; email: efiring@hawaii.edu
A M Thurnherr - Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964; email: bsmeth@ldeo.columbia.edu , ant@ldeo.columbia.edu
N Gruber - Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland; email: nicolas.gruber@env.ethz.ch
M J Warner - School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; email: warner@u.washington.edu
D A Hansell - Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149; email: rfine@rsmas.miami.edu , dhansell@rsmas.miami.edu , clangdon@rsmas.miami.edu , fmillero@rsmas.miami.edu
J-Z Zhang - Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, Florida 33149; email: rik.wanninkhof@noaa.gov , molly.baringer@noaa.gov , jia-zhong.zhang@noaa.gov
Publication Details: Annual review of marine science, Vol.8(1), pp.185-215
Publisher: United States
Academic Unit: Leadership Department; Rosenstiel - Marine Biology & Ecology; Rosenstiel School; Rosenstiel - Ocean Sciences
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
PMID: 26515811
Record Identifier: 991031559889102976