Abstract
Introduction Prospective changes in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and sleep durations in Hispanic/Latinos are unknown. Understanding the impact of cardiometabolic risk factors on the longitudinal burden of OSA and abnormal sleep duration will be essential for advancing sleep aging research. This study aimed to measure these changes and their correlations in HCHS/SOL. Methods We analyzed data from HCHS/SOL Visit 1 (2008–2011) who returned to complete an ancillary study on sleep and brain health, sleep in neurocognitive aging and Alzheimer’s research (SANAR; 2022–ongoing). At both visits, participants completed home sleep apnea tests and self-reported sleep duration categorized as abnormal (-< 7 hours or ≥9 hours) and recommended (7–< 9 hours). Prospective change categories included abnormal-to-recommended, consistently-recommended, and consistently-abnormal sleep duration. The respiratory event index (REI3%) was categorized into < 15 at both visits, transient-elevated (≥15 at any time), and persistent-elevated (≥15 at both visits). Multinomial logistic regression examined associations with Body Mass Index (BMI), baseline hypertension, prediabetes, and diabetes adjusting for age and sex. Results We examined 1,662 participants (67% female; mean age 67.5 years, SD = 6.4). From V1 to SANAR, the mean sleep duration increased (7.8±1.3 to 8.5±1.5 hrs.), REI3% doubled (7.5±12 to 14±16.6), and BMI was stable (29.9±5.3 to 30.1±6.5). At visit-1, 36% had hypertension, 47% pre-diabetes and 22% diabetes. Male sex, older age, baseline pre-diabetes and diabetes, and higher BMI were associated with higher relative risk ratios (RRR) for REI3% ≥15 at SANAR (range: RRRdiabetes=1.13 to RRRmale=3.73) and for persistent REI3%≥15 across both visits (range: RRR-BMI=1.15 to RRR-male=5.53). Older age, baseline hypertension, prediabetes, and diabetes were associated with increased RRR for long sleep duration at SANAR (range: RRRhypertension=1.09 to RRRage75+=1.92) and for transitioning from recommended to abnormal sleep duration (range: RRRdiabetes=1.09 to RRRage75+=1.50). Males had a lower probability of long sleep duration and of transitioning to abnormal sleep duration. Conclusion Preliminary prospective analyses in a large sample of Hispanic/Latino adults show that older age and poorer cardiometabolic health predict persistent sleep apnea and abnormal sleep duration. These findings support strategies to improve sleep and cardiometabolic health in the aging population. Support (if any) R01AG063868