Abstract
Abstract Background: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the predominant type of esophageal cancer in the United States, with the 5-year survival rate is below 20%. EAC develops through Barrett’s esophagus (BE)-dysplasia-carcinoma cascade. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), where acidic bile salts refluxate into the esophagus, is the main risk factor for the development of BE and its progression to EAC. The NFE2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is the master cellular antioxidant regulator, involving in many cancer hallmarks. Methods and Results: Using western blotting and immunohistochemistry technologies, we detected high NRF2 protein levels in EAC cell lines and primary EAC tissues, as compared with normal esophagus and non-neoplastic Barrett’s esophagus samples. The knockdown of NRF2 using NRF2 specific siRNAs significantly increased oxidative stress in response to cellular stress stimuli by bile salts or cisplatin. This was associated with an increase in DNA damage and inhibition of EAC cell growth. Brusatol, a NRF2 inhibitor, significantly inhibited NRF2 transcriptional activity and downregulated NRF2 target genes. We discovered that in addition to inducing apoptosis, Brusatol alone or in combination with CDDP induced significant lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis as evidenced by reduced xCT and GPX4 expression, two known ferroptosis markers. Moreover, the combination of Brusatol and CDDP significantly inhibited EAC tumor xenografts growth in vivo. We confirmed the in vitro data showing ferroptosis as an important mechanism in the xenografted tumors treated with Brusatol or Brusatol and CDDP combination using IHC staining. Conclusion: Our data support the role of NRF2 in protecting against stress-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis in EACs. Targeting NRF2 in combination with platinum therapy can be an effective strategy for eliminating cancer cells in EAC. Citation Format: Farah Ballout, Heng Lu, Zheng Chen, Tianling Hu, Lei Chen, Wael El-Rifai, Dunfa Peng. NRF2 is overexpressed in esophageal adenocarcinoma and its targeting sensitizes tumor cells to cisplatin through induction of ferroptosis and apoptosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4776.