Abstract
The amount of counter pressure that is functionally effective depends on the type of
bandage material that is used (highly extensible or relatively inelastic), the manner
of wrapping (tightness of wrap), and whether the limb is relaxed (static conditions)
or muscle is contracting (dynamic conditions). For a given set of conditions, the counter pressure needs to be sufficient to reduce abnormally elevated superficial venous
volume by reducing overload volume entering the superficial system during muscular
contraction and to maintain a lessened volume during static conditions. The resultant
lessened average venous pressure tends to reduce excessive transcapillary outward
filtration into interstitial spaces, which in turn reduces tissue edema. Simultaneously,
a greater dynamic tissue pressure promotes greater tissue fluid movement and its
uptake and removal by the lymphatic system, which adds to the edema-lessening
process. Deep vein volume is also reduced because its effective ejection fraction is
returned toward normal concomitant with the reduction in venous reflux.