Abstract
The nails have several important functions, which become readily apparent when the nails are absent or lose their function. Although some view fingernails simply as an adornment for the hands, we must not underestimate the important functions of nails, such as the protective value of the nail plate against trauma to the underlying distal phalanx, the counter-pressure effect to the pulp which is important for walking and for tactile sensation, the fingernails’ scratching function, and the use of fingernails for manipulation of small objects.
The nails can also provide information about the person’s environmental exposures, emotional state, and overall health status. For example, a number of specific nail changes provide clues to the presence of systemic disease or genetic syndromes. In addition, changes in the nail are associated with a range of inflammatory skin diseases as well as tumors, both benign and malignant, that arise in the distal digit.