Abstract
Although accumulating evidence in the literature supports the value of orthotic treatment for various forms of spinal deformity, the use of orthoses for treatment of spinal deformities is still controversial because of the lack of a clear understanding of the pathology and natural history of these disorders. Although a multitude of pathologies can cause these deformities, this chapter focuses primarily on the most common types believed to benefit from spinal orthoses: idiopathic scoliosis and Scheuermann kyphosis. In addition to diagnosis, epidemiology, and natural history, this chapter also addresses current options for bracing and potential future considerations.