Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. GIST can arise virtually anywhere along the GI tract, but most commonly they develop in the stomach and small intestine. The precision of the histopathological diagnosis of GIST has been improved based on recent molecular discoveries. The irruption of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the field revolutionized the treatment of patients with GIST and became a paradigm of translational research in modern oncology. In this chapter, we would like to discuss the most recent advances in targeted therapy for patients with GIST.