Abstract
Genitourinary surgery is a subspecialty of surgery which includes a wide spectrum of diseases involving the male and female urinary tract, the male reproductive system, and the female pelvic floor. Urological procedures account for 10–20 % of most anesthetic practices, and many of these procedures are performed on elderly patients. This chapter reviews the anatomy and innervation of the genitourinary systems and anesthetic management of common urological procedures, highlighting special considerations for surgery in the elderly.