Abstract
Gastroesophageal varices are a cardinal manifestation of portal hypertension which is typically due to cirrhosis. Variceal hemorrhage is a common complication and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The last few decades have seen significant advancements and paradigm shifts in the clinical management of these patients. This chapter reviews the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage and describes the available evidence regarding medical, endoscopic, and endovascular treatment options. These patients ultimately benefit from a multidisciplinary approach involving hepatologists, therapeutic endoscopists, and interventional radiologists, with consideration given to patient characteristics and local expertise.