Abstract
In this chapter, we review the concept of “horizon scanning” for both emerging risks and opportunities, its uses, methods and approaches, and limitations. Horizon scanning can be a useful process if a diverse group of people are involved, and if there is the possibility of instituting preventive measures in the case of risks (i.e., the “Precautionary Principle”) or taking advantage of opportunities in sufficient time to make a difference to the outcomes. We discuss various examples of horizon scanning in the environmental and ocean sciences and then what has been done to date in the area of oceans and human health. Finally, we present a brief initial sampling of emerging issues in oceans and human health as identified by members of this research community. A much larger portion of the community should be engaged for a truly representative insight into potential emerging risks and opportunities in Oceans and Human Health.