Abstract
Ascites is the accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity. Typically ascites results from hepatic decompensation and portal hypertension but can arise from hypoalbuminemia, peritoneal disease (infection and malignancy), and several rare causes including chylous and myxedema. The sheer presence of ascites suggests a significant reduction in 5-year survival and without prompt accurate evaluation and management, these patients may suffer lethal consequences. This chapter provides the reader with a comprehensive understanding of the tools needed to differentiate and manage all forms of ascites and its complications.