Abstract
Despite advancements in combination antiretroviral therapy rates of mild neurocognitive impairment remain elevated amongst persons living with HIV (PLWH). Concomitant with the greater rate of survival into old age PLWH show accelerated cognitive Aging in multiple domains. Executive function is among the domains where early onset of decline is most evident. This chapter will discuss what are known correlates of executive dysfunction in PLWH in this era of antiretroviral therapy. The goal of this chapter is to expand on what is known regarding HIV disease severity and executive dysfunction to provide a more nuanced look at how other central and peripheral biomarkers, psychosocial and behavioral risk factors relate to deficits in inhibition, updating and working memory, cognitive set-shifting, and mental flexibility.
