Abstract
Mexico achieved Millennium Development Goal 4, which set the target of reducing the 1990 child mortality rate by two‐thirds no later than 2015. Progress in this area has been the result of the combined implementation, over the past 25 years, of several efforts to strengthen the health system and various disease‐oriented strategies. This chapter describes in detail this achievement and its determinants, with emphasis on a health system reform approved by the Mexican Congress in 2003, which created the conditions to guarantee universal coverage of high‐quality health services with financial protection for all.