Abstract
It is well documented that normal endocrine function varies predictably over the
24-hour day and is partly regulated by a genetically determined circadian clock.
Extensive research in animals and humans has demonstrated reciprocal interactions
between sleep and the endocrine system. Circadian and ultradian oscillations in the
sleep-wake cycle can influence the regulation of several endocrine and metabolic
axes. Conversely, alterations in endocrine function can influence sleep-wake regulation and/or predispose to specific sleep disorders. The primary objective of this
chapter is to review the reciprocal interactions between obstructive sleep apnea
(OSA) and the neuroendocrine system with a particular emphasis on the adverse
effects of OSA on endocrine function and glucose metabolism.