Abstract
Endophthalmitis caused by gram-negative bacteria is less common compared to gram-positive bacteria and generally has poor visual acuity outcomes. More common gram-negative bacteria causing endophthalmitis include species of Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus, Haemophilus, and Enterobacter. Pseudomonas and Enterobacter are reportedly more common. Gram-negative endophthalmitis may present with symptoms of variable pain, redness, inflammation, and decreased visual acuity. The clinical signs include eyelid edema, conjunctival chemosis/erythema, corneal edema, hypopyon, fibrinous membrane in the anterior chamber or on intraocular lens, vitritis, and periphlebitis (Fig. 17.1).