Abstract
This chapter discusses the interaction of epidemiological and health systems analysis in Mexico and Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama). Emphasis is given to the specificities of health transitions in the region and what has been called the double burden of disease, and their influence on health policies. Mexico is used as a case study to illustrate the use of population health and health services assessment in the design, implementation, and evaluation of health policies.