Abstract
This chapter addresses infections associated with artificial devices of a specialized nature. It points out that the rate of infection with artificial devices is generally low, but, collectively, there are millions of these devices implanted yearly. It also discusses optimal treatment that requires the participation of surgical specialists experienced in the management of difficult infections, especially for pseudophakic endophthalmitis, in which the mainstay of therapy is intraocular injections. The chapter explains how pseudophakic endophthalmitis is thought to occur as a consequence of contamination with flora of conjunctival sac or lid margin at the time of surgery. The chapter discusses the differential diagnosis of endophthalmitis following cataract extraction that includes sterile inflammation and bacterial and fungal infection.