Abstract
While the current value of prostate cancer screening in reducing mortality is debatable, there is no doubt that screening has created overdetection of clinically insignificant cancers. An individualized risk assessment model incorporating the known risk factors associated with prostate cancer could be of potential value for predicting the risk of prostate cancer and helping individual patients make rational decisions regarding further diagnostic evaluation. Promising risk assessment tools, combining multiple established risk factors, current and newly developed markers for prostate cancer detection could impact downstream decisions, including screening options. This chapter will summarize some of the currently available risk assessment models for prostate cancer detection.