Abstract
Positive behavioral modification through lifestyle intervention, diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES), medical nutrition therapy (MNT), weight management and regular physical exercise together is the cornerstone for successful diabetes prevention and diabetes treatment as well as optimal cardiovascular health. In this chapter, we review the evidence supporting these key lifestyle interventions and discuss how they are effective in diabetes prevention, diabetes management and achieving overall metabolic health. We present guideline-based dietary recommendations and a behavioral approach to weight management for patients with diabetes. We also review some of the new virtual tools such as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to help patients modify their behavior, institute positive change and thereby attain optimal blood glucose control to improve their metabolic health. The guidelines for physical activity and exercise in patients with diabetes are also highlighted and emphasized to promote optimal glycemic control and overall cardiovascular health. The significance of smoking prevention and cessation is underscored to reduce the morbidities and cardiovascular mortality associated with smoking and diabetes.