Abstract
In this chapter, the authors explain the role of mitochondrial DNA content to determine oocyte quality and implantation potential to increase the pregnancy success rate in couples undergoing infertility treatment. Currently, three companies offer mitochondrial DNA content testing: Igenomix (MitoScore), Progenesis (MitoSure), and Reprogenetics (MitoGrade). This method of genetic testing is on its way to being implemented for infertility workups. Oocytes of higher quality should contain an optimal number of mitochondria that allow for normal fertilization and development of the embryo. Studies have found that once fertilization has occurred, embryos with lower levels of mtDNA have higher rates of implantation. In conclusion, higher mtDNA levels in embryos have been associated with implantation failure, and optimal levels of mitochondria in oocyte are needed for successful fertilization and preimplantation embryo development.