Abstract
Simulation training for noninvasive cardiology has a rich history, beginning with heart sound simulators to the current era of multimedia simulations and full-scale cardiopulmonary simulators for learning cardiac physical examination. More recently, part-task trainers and mannequin-based simulators have been developed for training in transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. In this chapter, the range of simulation modalities for cardiac physical examination and echocardiography are reviewed. Recommendations regarding curricular implementation are highlighted.