Abstract
New prevention approaches require innovative research designs to maximize our ability to obtain answers to research questions. This chapter provides an overview of new research designs that address both effectiveness and implementation research in prevention. It also includes a discussion of what we have called adaptive or hybrid designs that integrate the concepts of effectiveness and implementation into an ongoing trial. These adaptive designs have the flexibility to adapt to changes in research questions and yet maintain the rigor associated with randomized control trials. We illustrate these approaches with examples from recent studies and point the way toward the design of future trials for prevention.
