Abstract
<p class="p1" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue";">Foreign born Hispanics/Latinos experience increase in cardiovascular-related disease as they reside longer in the United States, above and beyond known cardiovascular risk factors. Presence of central adiposity or depression, which both increase among Hispanics/Latinos as they reside longer in the US, elevates risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) via cardiometabolic dysregulation. The role of length of US residence as a factor under which central adiposity and depression serve as risk processes for onset of diabetes and CVD in US Hispanics/Latinos is unknown. Data from two visits (2008-2011 & 2015-2017) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) were used to: (1) determine the indirect effects of central adiposity and depression on incident diabetes and CVD via blood pressure, cholesterol, and insulin resistance and (2) compare the indirect effects of central adiposity and depression on incident diabetes and CVD via blood pressure, cholesterol, and insulin resistance in immigrants (<10 & >10 years in the US) and nonimmigrants (US born). The sample was comprised by 8798 adults (803 immigrants in the US <10 years, 6613 immigrants in the US > 10 years, 1382 US born). Across groups, diabetes and CVD incidence ranged from 6.5 - 8.2% and 0.6 - 1.3%, respectively. Though groups were comparable on demographic characteristics, indirect effects of waist girth on diabetes through diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL), and insulin resistance (IR) were generally more robust among immigrants who resided in the US for a decade or more compared to less than a decade (DBP OR=1.07, 95% CI=1.05, 1.10 vs. OR=1.10, 95% CI=1.00, 1.18, respectively; TC/HDL OR=1.04, 95% CI=1.03, 1.06 vs. OR=1.07, 95% CI=0.98, 1.16, respectively; IR OR=1.28, 95% CI=1.16, 1.41 vs. OR=1.23, 95% CI=1.06, 1.43, respectively). Results indicate length of US residence is a factor under which central adiposity may indirectly confer risk for diabetes onset through worse cardiometabolic health. To potentially reduce diabetes burden among immigrant Hispanics/Latinos, weight and cardiometabolic health should be managed within the first decade of immigration to the US.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>