Abstract
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare childhood disorder caused by persistent measles virus (MV) infection of the brain that slowly evolves into chronic demyelination and neurodegeneration. Mutant MVs able to spread from cell-to-cell while evading cell-mediated immunity in the brain lead to SSPE 6–8years after the primary infection. Patients present with behavioral changes followed by progressive myoclonus, seizures, cognitive decline, altered consciousness and death within 1–3years. Ancillary diagnostic findings include periodic complexes on electroencephalography and intrathecal anti-MV antibodies. SSPE remains fatal despite therapeutic trials. Yet, blockage of MV fusion mechanisms is a promising approach.