Abstract
Extreme heat is the deadliest weather-related hazard in the United States and is further intensified in urban areas by the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Our study integrates satellite-derived land surface temperature (LST), tree-canopy cover, land-cover data, and CDC/ACS vulnerability indicators to map the spatial patterns of UHI exposure across the Phoenix metropolitan area. This analysis helps identify communities where targeted heat-relief investments can provide the greatest public-health benefits.