Abstract
Abstract Introduction This study examines the effects of political and gang violence on the mental and sleep health of Haitians in the United States and Haiti. Methods In the Haitian Well-Being Study, we conducted four Zoom focus groups, involving 28 participants (20 Haitian women and 8 men) aged 23 to 60, located in both the United States and Haiti. These sessions, lasting approximately 60 minutes each, aimed to assess the mental health repercussions of traumatic events in Haiti. Qualitative analysis of the focus group transcripts was employed using thematic analysis. Results Our study identified six key themes: 1) Poor Mental Health: Participants reported persistent anxiety, chronic acute stress, and symptoms akin to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attributed to the deteriorating situation in Haiti and interpersonal traumas such as kidnappings and sexual assault. 2) Poor Sleep Health: Concerns about daily and nocturnal gang violence, traumatic experiences, and mobility restrictions disrupted sleep patterns and quality. 3) Lack of Access to Resources: Limited access to healthcare, especially mental health services, was a recurring concern, emphasizing the need for culturally appropriate support within Haitian communities. 4) Mental Health Stigma: Seeking help from psychologists was stigmatized, discouraging individuals from seeking mental health support. 5) Cumulative Trauma Exposure: Participants shared past traumatic experiences, including PTSD symptoms such as re-experiencing and nightmares triggered by specific images, which continued to impact their mental health. 6) Recommendations for Mental Health Programs: Participants emphasized the urgency of restoring security in Haiti, enabling those displaced by gang violence to return to safe housing and reunite with loved ones. They also suggested community-based interventions, raising awareness about mental health, and significant investments in mental health training to address the widespread impact of violence in Haiti. Conclusion This study highlights the profound and complex effects of political and gang violence on the mental and sleep health of Haitians. To address these challenges effectively, participants stressed the importance of restoring security in Haiti, expanding access to mental health resources, reducing stigma, and implementing community-based interventions to support those affected by violence. Additionally, this qualitative study underscores the role of sleep health in disaster relief and global health efforts. Support (if any) 5R01HL142066-06