Abstract
Abstract
Introduction:
Social capital refers to quality of networks of relationships among people who live and work together. Poor social capital predicts adverse outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and increased mortality. Little is known about how social capital relates to sleep health. The current study explored the relationship between social capital and sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, and daytime sleepiness.
Methods:
A sample of 1,007 participants from the Sleep Health and Activity, Diet and Environment Study (SHADES) was used. Social Capital was assessed as number of group/club memberships, neighborhood helping behavior, willingness to improve their neighborhood, sense of community belongingness, and trust of others in a community. Sleep duration was assessed with the NHANES questionnaire asking participants to report bed/wake time, then categorized as very short (<5hrs), short (5-6hrs), healthy (7-8hrs), and long (>8hrs). Insomnia was assessed with the Insomnia Severity Index and categorized as none, mild, and moderate-severe. Sleepiness was assessed with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Logistic regression examined whether sleep variables and social capital measures were associated.
Results:
Compared with healthy sleepers, decreased likelihood of group membership was seen for very short (OR=0.50;95%CI[0.26,0.98];p<0.05) and long (OR=0.41;95%CI[0.18,0.93],p<0.05) sleepers. The belief that neighbors rarely/never help each other was more commonly reported by very short (OR=1.96;95%CI[1.11,3.46],p<0.05) and short (OR=1.64,95%CI[1.14,2.37],p<0.01) sleepers, relative to healthy sleepers, as well as those with moderate-severe insomnia (OR=1.04,95%CI[1.01,1.08],p<0.05) and sleepiness (OR=1.04;95%CI[1.01,1.08];p<0.05). A decreased sense of belongingness was felt by very short (OR=0.57,95%CI[0.35,0.93],p<0.05) and short (OR=0.65;95%CI[0.49,0.86];p<0.01) sleepers, those with moderate-severe insomnia (OR=0.55,95%CI[0.39,0.78],p<0.01) and sleepiness (OR=0.95[95%CI[0.93,0.98];p<0.01). Decreased likelihood of trust was reported by short sleepers (OR=0.74,95%CI[0.54,1.00],p<0.05) and those with moderate-severe insomnia (OR=0.57,95%CI[0.40,0.82],p<0.01) and sleepiness (OR=0.96;95%CI[0.94,0.99];p<0.05).
Moderate-severe insomnia was also associated with the belief that neighbors help each other (OR=0.64;95%CI[0.45,0.90];p<0.05).
Conclusion:
Measures of poor sleep health (short duration, insomnia, sleepiness) are associated with fewer group memberships, low perceived community belongingness, trust, or intention to engage in neighborhood improvement.
Support (If Any):
This work was supported by funding from the NIH (R21ES022931, R25HL116378).
