Abstract
Abstract
Introduction:
Sleep duration is a major public health issue and is related to socioeconomic status (SES). Previous studies were limited in conceptualization of SES to education and/or income. This study evaluated sleep relative to many SES indices.
Methods:
Data were from the Sleep and Healthy Activity Diet Environment and Socialization(SHADES) study, a sample of N=1,007 adults aged 22–60. Sleep duration was assessed using the NHANES question and categorized as very short(≤4h), short(5-6h), normal(7-8h), or long(≥9h). SES was operationalized as education, income quintile, ability to “afford the basics,” low/middle/upper class, parental education, household size, home type, employment, shiftwork, and social status compared to community and entire US. Multinomial logistic regressions assessing the association between sleep duration and SES were performed, adjusting for age and sex. Further analyses adjusted for education and income to discern unique effects.
Results:
Increased likelihood of very short sleep was associated with the following: some college, high school, less than high school, income quintiles 3, 4, and 5, difficulty affording basics, lower class, lower parental education (mother or father), higher household size (mediated by number of children), part-time work, homemaker, inability to work, unemployment, shift work, and subjective social status relative to both the community and the US. Increased likelihood of short sleep was associated with the following: some college, high school, income quintile 4, difficulty affording basics, middle or lower class, lower parental education (mother or father), higher household size (mediated by number of children), inability to work, and subjective social status relative to both the community and the US. Increased likelihood of long sleep was associated with the following: “very hard” to afford basics, inability to work, unemployment, shift work, and subjective social status relative to the US. Nearly all relationships persisted after adjusting for education and income.
Conclusion:
Sleep duration is strongly related to many dimensions of SES, and this is not simply explained by education/income.
Support (If Any):
K23HL110216, 5K23HL125939, and R21ES022931
