Abstract
Abstract
Introduction:
Higher acculturation to the U.S. culture is associated with worse self reported sleep but the relationship with objective sleep patterns has not been well characterized. We sought to describe how actigraphically measured sleep varies by acculturation level among a diverse population of U.S. Hispanics/Latino adults.
Methods:
Participants aged 18–64 years (N=2,189) were recruited from the community based HCHS/SOL cohort at four sites for an ancillary study focused on sleep that included 1 week of wrist actigraphy. Mean nightly sleep duration, sleep efficiency, inter-daily stability, and sleep midpoint were calculated. Acculturation status was assessed by the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics language (SASH-L) and social (SASH-S) subscales. SASH scores were dichotomized at the median. All analyses accounted for study design and sampling weights. Analyses were adjusted for age and sex standardized to the 2010 U.S. Census.
Results:
A total of 2,120 individuals (mean ± SD age 40.7 ± 0.4 years, 48% male, 26% born in the U.S.) were included in this analysis. Compared to those with a lower level of acculturation, individuals with greater acculturation on SASH-L had shorter sleep duration (6.63 ± 0.05 vs. 6.78 ± 0.04 hrs, p=0.02), lower sleep efficiency (87.8 ± 0.2% vs 88.7 ± 0.2%, p=0.01), lower inter-daily stability (0.74 ± 0.01 vs. 0.77 ± 0.01, p<0.01), and later sleep midpoint (4:08 a.m. ± 5 min vs. 3:54 a.m. ± 4 min, p=0.02). Differences by SASH-S were similar but of smaller magnitude.
Conclusion:
Greater acculturation is associated with shorter sleep duration, more sleep fragmentation, larger daily variability, and later sleep timing. Sleep may be one pathway through which acculturation affects cardiovascular disease risks and outcomes. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which acculturation impacts sleep.
Support (If Any):
NHLBI HL098297 and HL00790. HCHS/SOL was supported by contracts from NHLBI to the University of North Carolina (N01-HC65233), University of Miami (N01-HC65234), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (N01-HC65235), Northwestern University (N01-HC65236), and San Diego State University (N01-HC65237). Contributors through transfer of funds to NHLBI: the NIMHD, the NIDCD, the NIDCR, the NIDDK, the NINDS, and the ODS.
