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A Computable Criterion for the Existence of Homoclinic Tangencies
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

A Computable Criterion for the Existence of Homoclinic Tangencies

Brian Coomes, Hüseyin Koçak and Kenneth J. Palmer
Journal of dynamics and differential equations
2026-09-23

Abstract

Approximate orbits Homoclinic tangencies Rigorous numerics

A practical method for rigorously establishing the existence of generic quadratic tangencies associated with a fixed point of a planar diffeomorphism depending on two parameters is presented. We also determine a smooth curve in the two-dimensional parameter space along which the tangency persists. We illustrate the practicality of our theoretical results on several well-known examples of planar diffeomorphisms. These results can readily be generalized to prove the existence of such tangencies associated with periodic orbits. In lieu of the details of such a generalization, we present an example of a planar diffeomorphism possessing generic quadratic tangencies associated with periodic orbits, some exhibiting phase shifts.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10884-026-10533-yView
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