Abstract
This study introduces a generalized three dimensional dynamic model of the human shoulder complex. This model can be used to analyze load sharing between the muscles, the bones and the ligaments of the shoulder region at any position under any loading conditions. The model was applied to predict the musculoskeletal forces during manual lifting tasks. The MATLAB optimization toolbox was utilized in computing the musculoskeletal forces in the shoulder region. The effects of load and lifting technique on 24 muscle groups, during manual lifting of loads from floor to table height, were investigated.
