Abstract
Objective: 1) Evaluate whether residual or recurrent cholesteatoma found during second-look tympanomastoidectomies correlates with age. 2) To evaluate whether there is a difference in residual or recurrent cholesteatoma found during second-look tympanomastoidectomies done before and after 9 months since the initial procedure. Method: This is a longitudinal study of second-look tympanomastoidectomies performed at a tertiary-care center between 2002 and 2010. Demographic and clinical data was collected prospectively. Statistical analyses were performed to determine whether patient age and time interval between initial and second look procedures correlated with residual or recurrent cholesteatoma. Results: Seventy-two patients qualified for the study. Residual cholesteatoma was more frequent in children (<15 years) than adults ( P = .026, Fisher exact test). There was a tendency for recurrent cholesteatoma to occur more frequently in adults than in children. Recurrences tended to occur more frequently in cases with larger canal wall defects. The time interval between the primary and revision surgery did not influence the rate of residual or recurrent cholesteatoma. Conclusion: Younger patients have a higher risk of residual cholesteatoma, possibly secondary to more technically challenging anatomy and surgeon preference to maintain an intact canal wall. Time between primary and revision surgery could be abbreviated or prolonged, since this interval did not influence residual and recurrent cholesteatoma rates.