Abstract
To evaluate tear secretory response using a novel device, the i-Onion, which stimulates lacrimal gland activity with concentrated CO2 bursts.PURPOSETo evaluate tear secretory response using a novel device, the i-Onion, which stimulates lacrimal gland activity with concentrated CO2 bursts.The i-Onion device delivers a controlled CO2 burst to the ocular surface, stimulating the lacrimal gland's tear production response. We studied 120 participants: 40 with glaucoma, 40 with cataracts (some followed postsurgery), and 40 controls. Basal tear volume (BTV) was measured using a 3-min unanesthetized the Schirmer test. Stimulated tear volume was then recorded over another 3 min after a 3-second i-Onion stimulus. Tear reserve volume (TRV), the study's primary outcome, was calculated as the difference between stimulated tear volume and BTV.METHODSThe i-Onion device delivers a controlled CO2 burst to the ocular surface, stimulating the lacrimal gland's tear production response. We studied 120 participants: 40 with glaucoma, 40 with cataracts (some followed postsurgery), and 40 controls. Basal tear volume (BTV) was measured using a 3-min unanesthetized the Schirmer test. Stimulated tear volume was then recorded over another 3 min after a 3-second i-Onion stimulus. Tear reserve volume (TRV), the study's primary outcome, was calculated as the difference between stimulated tear volume and BTV.Participants' mean age was 60.5 years; 78% male, 59% White. No significant differences in TRV were found among the groups (glaucoma: 9.3 mm; cataract: 8.3 mm; control: 7.9 mm, P=0.67) but BTV was significantly lower in patients with glaucoma and cataract compared with controls (glaucoma: 13.6 mm; cataract: 14.1 mm; control: 19.0 mm, P=0.03). Basal tear volume also decreased with age (r=-0.2, P=0.01). Presurgical TRV in patients with cataract showed a nonsignificant negative correlation with postsurgical ocular symptoms (r=-0.23, P=0.2).RESULTSParticipants' mean age was 60.5 years; 78% male, 59% White. No significant differences in TRV were found among the groups (glaucoma: 9.3 mm; cataract: 8.3 mm; control: 7.9 mm, P=0.67) but BTV was significantly lower in patients with glaucoma and cataract compared with controls (glaucoma: 13.6 mm; cataract: 14.1 mm; control: 19.0 mm, P=0.03). Basal tear volume also decreased with age (r=-0.2, P=0.01). Presurgical TRV in patients with cataract showed a nonsignificant negative correlation with postsurgical ocular symptoms (r=-0.23, P=0.2).The i-Onion device demonstrated that TRV was preserved in elderly individuals with glaucoma and cataract, despite decreased BTV with age and disease.CONCLUSIONThe i-Onion device demonstrated that TRV was preserved in elderly individuals with glaucoma and cataract, despite decreased BTV with age and disease.