Abstract
This study investigated whether the revised factor structure of the Attitudes Towards Standardized Assessment Scales: Monitoring and Feedback (ASA-MF) could be used within Chinese professionals and to examine cross-cultural equivalence of the measure across samples in the United States and China.
Study 1 evaluated the ASA-MF's factor structure in two separated samples of Chinese clinicians (
₁ = 428,
2 = 400). As the hypothesized 18-item structure was not supported, we established the revised ASA-MF (ASA-MFR). Study 2 validated the ASA-MFR factor structure in a U.S. clinician sample (
= 455). Study 3 tested ASA-MFR's cross-national invariance using both multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) and the alignment method.
We identified a re-scored three-factor version (i.e.,
,
, and
) with good psychometric properties across all samples. MG-CFA supported full metric invariance, indicating that the items carried comparable meanings across cultural groups. Alignment analyses further indicated approximate scalar invariance for the
factor, allowing for meaningful mean-level comparisons. Chinese professionals reported significantly greater perceived benefits of standardized progress measures than their U.S. counterparts.
Re-scoring the original ASA-MF using the factor structure from the ASA-MFR may be a psychometrically robust method for comparing clinician attitudes toward standardized progress measures across both the United States and China.