Abstract
This article provides an overview of the state of the science of climate prediction on timescales of subseasonal (a few weeks) to decadal (10–50 years). Prediction of temperature, precipitation, and other variables over averaging periods of several weeks to years relies on low-frequency climate signals such as the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Topics covered include sources of predictability from natural climate variability, teleconnection mechanisms, dynamical climate ensemble models and multi-model ensembles, current prediction skill, and advances and challenges.