Abstract
Elevated expression of the Nedd9/HEF1/Cas-L scaffolding protein promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis in multiple cancer cell types. Conversely, generation of mammary tumors in the MMTV-polyoma virus middle T (PyVT) genetic model is delayed by a
Nedd9
−/−
genotype. These activities arise from the role of Nedd9 in assembling complexes and supporting activity of cancer signaling proteins including FAK, SRC, SHC, and AKT, and would support evaluation of Nedd9 expression as an unambiguous biomarker for tumor aggressiveness. However, we here show that despite the initial delay in tumor growth, cells derived from MMTV-PyVT;
Nedd9
−/−
tumors are characteristically hyperaggressive versus MMTV-PyVT;
Nedd9
+/+
cells in anchorage-independent growth, growth on 3D matrix produced by tumor-associated fibroblasts, and in formation of tumors after mammary orthotopic reinjection, and of lung metastases after tail vein injection. This reversal suggests the specific selection of MMTV-PyVT;
Nedd9
−/−
cells for growth in an
in vivo
microenvironment. Indeed, MMTV-PyVT;
Nedd9
−/−
cells have increased cell cycle, centrosomal, and mitotic defects, phenotypes compatible with the increased selection of these cells for aggressive growth. Intriguingly, in spite of their aggressive phenotype, MMTV-PyVT;
Nedd9
−/−
cells persistently have low levels of SRC activation and are hypersensitive to the SRC kinase inhibitor dasatinib. These studies identify Nedd9 as a complex modulator of different aspects of mammary tumor growth.
