Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous loci linked to late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD), but the pan-brain regional effects of these loci remain largely uncharacterized. To address this, we systematically analyzed all LOAD-associated regions reported by Bellenguez et al. using the FILER functional genomics catalog across 174 datasets, including enhancers, transcription factors, and quantitative trait loci. We identified 41 candidate causal variant-effector gene pairs and assessed their impact using enhancer–promoter interaction data, variant annotations, and brain cell-type-specific gene expression. Notably, the LOAD risk allele of rs74504435 at the
SEC61G
locus was computationally predicted to increase
EGFR
expression in LOAD-related cell types: microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. Functional validation using promoter-focused Capture C, ATAC-seq, and CRISPR interference in the HMC3 human microglia cell line confirmed this regulatory relationship. Our findings reveal a microglial enhancer regulating
EGFR
in LOAD, suggesting
EGFR
inhibitors as a potential therapeutic avenue for the disease.