Abstract
Objective: Maxillary sinusitis can be a sequela of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). This study aims to characterize the microbiome of maxillary MRONJ with concurrent maxillary sinusitis and radiographic maxillary sinus opacification to determine if there is a relationship between the microbiome of MRONJ and sinus disease. Study Design: This retrospective case series was conducted using electronic health records from the University of Pennsylvania and affiliated hospitals. The target population was surgically managed maxillary MRONJ patients. The primary predictor variables were tissue culture results. The primary outcomes were maxillary sinusitis or maxillary sinus opacification. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-squared tests at the 95% confidence interval. Results: Thirty-nine subjects were selected: 25 had sinus opacification and 11 had sinusitis. Resident bacteria were present in 90% of subjects, nonresident bacteria in 74%, and opportunistic organisms in 15%. There were significantly more subjects with chronic sinusitis microbes (79%) than without. There were significantly more gram-positive anaerobes, specifically Propionibacterium, as well as the gram-negative facultative anaerobe, Capnocytophaga, in subjects with concurrent sinusitis. Conclusions: Maxillary MRONJ with concurrent maxillary sinusitis may be associated with gram-positive anaerobic species, Propionibacterium, and Capnocytophaga colonization. Maxillary MRONJ patients may benefit from sinus evaluation and concurrent surgical intervention.