Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Risk of Stroke and Cardiac Events in Heart Failure: Data From the Warfarin Versus Aspirin in Reduced Ejection Fraction Trial

Marco R Di Tullio; Min Qian; John L P Thompson; Arthur J Labovitz; Douglas L Mann; Ralph L Sacco; Patrick M Pullicino; Ronald S Freudenberger; John R Teerlink; Susan Graham; Gregory Y H Lip; Bruce Levin; J P Mohr; Richard Buchsbaum; Conrado J Estol; Dirk J Lok; Piotr Ponikowski; Stefan D Anker; Shunichi Homma

doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013679

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Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Risk of Stroke and Cardiac Events in Heart Failure: Data From the Warfarin Versus Aspirin in Reduced Ejection Fraction Trial

Journal article

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Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Risk of Stroke and Cardiac Events in Heart Failure: Data From the Warfarin Versus Aspirin in Reduced Ejection Fraction Trial

Marco R Di Tullio, Min Qian, John L P Thompson, Arthur J Labovitz, Douglas L Mann, Ralph L Sacco, Patrick M Pullicino, Ronald S Freudenberger, John R Teerlink, Susan Graham, …

Stroke (1970), Vol.47(8), pp.2031-2037

2016-08

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013679

PMID: 27354224

Abstract

Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology

Heart Failure - complications

Humans

Middle Aged

Risk Factors

Heart Failure - physiopathology

Stroke Volume - physiology

Male

Treatment Outcome

Cerebral Hemorrhage - physiopathology

Stroke - physiopathology

Heart Failure - drug therapy

Incidence

Warfarin - therapeutic use

Stroke - etiology

Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology

Female

Stroke - epidemiology

Ventricular Function, Left - physiology

Aged

Aspirin - therapeutic use

Cerebral Hemorrhage - etiology

Heart Failure - mortality

In heart failure (HF), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is inversely associated with mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. Its relationship with stroke is controversial, as is the effect of antithrombotic treatment. We studied the relationship of LVEF with stroke and cardiovascular events in patients with HF and the effect of different antithrombotic treatments. In the Warfarin Versus Aspirin in Reduced Ejection Fraction (WARCEF) trial, 2305 patients with systolic HF (LVEF≤35%) and sinus rhythm were randomized to warfarin or aspirin and followed for 3.5±1.8 years. Although no differences between treatments were observed on primary outcome (death, stroke, or intracerebral hemorrhage), warfarin decreased the stroke risk. The present report compares the incidence of stroke and cardiovascular events across different LVEF and treatment subgroups. Baseline LVEF was inversely and linearly associated with primary outcome, mortality and its components (sudden and cardiovascular death), and HF hospitalization, but not myocardial infarction. A relationship with stroke was only observed for LVEF of <15% (incidence rates: 2.04 versus 0.95/100 patient-years; P=0.009), which more than doubled the adjusted stroke risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.125; 95% CI, 1.182-3.818; P=0.012). In warfarin-treated patients, each 5% LVEF decrement significantly increased the stroke risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.346; 95% CI, 1.044-1.737; P=0.022; P value for interaction=0.04). In patients with systolic HF and sinus rhythm, LVEF is inversely associated with death and its components, whereas an association with stroke exists for very low LVEF values. An interaction with warfarin treatment on stroke risk may exist. URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00041938.

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Citation topics: 1 Clinical & Life Sciences; 1.37 Cardiology - General; 1.37.328 Heart Failure
Web Of Science research areas: Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease
ESI research areas: Neuroscience & Behavior

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Title: Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Risk of Stroke and Cardiac Events in Heart Failure: Data From the Warfarin Versus Aspirin in Reduced Ejection Fraction Trial
Creators: Marco R Di Tullio - From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.R.D.T., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health (M.Q., J.L.P.T., B.L., R.B.), and Department of Neurology (J.P.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (A.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.); Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.M.P.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA (R.S.F.); Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Buffalo, NY (S.G.); University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Centro Neurológico de Tratamiento y Rehabilitación, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C.J.E.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (D.J.L.); Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Military Hospital, Poland (P.P.); and Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany (S.D.A.). md42@cumc.columbia.edu
Min Qian - From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.R.D.T., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health (M.Q., J.L.P.T., B.L., R.B.), and Department of Neurology (J.P.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (A.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.); Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.M.P.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA (R.S.F.); Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Buffalo, NY (S.G.); University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Centro Neurológico de Tratamiento y Rehabilitación, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C.J.E.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (D.J.L.); Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Military Hospital, Poland (P.P.); and Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany (S.D.A.)
John L P Thompson - From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.R.D.T., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health (M.Q., J.L.P.T., B.L., R.B.), and Department of Neurology (J.P.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (A.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.); Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.M.P.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA (R.S.F.); Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Buffalo, NY (S.G.); University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Centro Neurológico de Tratamiento y Rehabilitación, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C.J.E.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (D.J.L.); Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Military Hospital, Poland (P.P.); and Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany (S.D.A.)
Arthur J Labovitz - From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.R.D.T., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health (M.Q., J.L.P.T., B.L., R.B.), and Department of Neurology (J.P.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (A.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.); Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.M.P.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA (R.S.F.); Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Buffalo, NY (S.G.); University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Centro Neurológico de Tratamiento y Rehabilitación, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C.J.E.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (D.J.L.); Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Military Hospital, Poland (P.P.); and Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany (S.D.A.)
Douglas L Mann - From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.R.D.T., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health (M.Q., J.L.P.T., B.L., R.B.), and Department of Neurology (J.P.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (A.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.); Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.M.P.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA (R.S.F.); Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Buffalo, NY (S.G.); University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Centro Neurológico de Tratamiento y Rehabilitación, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C.J.E.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (D.J.L.); Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Military Hospital, Poland (P.P.); and Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany (S.D.A.)
Ralph L Sacco - From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.R.D.T., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health (M.Q., J.L.P.T., B.L., R.B.), and Department of Neurology (J.P.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (A.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.); Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.M.P.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA (R.S.F.); Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Buffalo, NY (S.G.); University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Centro Neurológico de Tratamiento y Rehabilitación, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C.J.E.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (D.J.L.); Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Military Hospital, Poland (P.P.); and Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany (S.D.A.)
Patrick M Pullicino - From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.R.D.T., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health (M.Q., J.L.P.T., B.L., R.B.), and Department of Neurology (J.P.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (A.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.); Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.M.P.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA (R.S.F.); Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Buffalo, NY (S.G.); University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Centro Neurológico de Tratamiento y Rehabilitación, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C.J.E.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (D.J.L.); Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Military Hospital, Poland (P.P.); and Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany (S.D.A.)
Ronald S Freudenberger - From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.R.D.T., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health (M.Q., J.L.P.T., B.L., R.B.), and Department of Neurology (J.P.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (A.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.); Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.M.P.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA (R.S.F.); Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Buffalo, NY (S.G.); University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Centro Neurológico de Tratamiento y Rehabilitación, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C.J.E.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (D.J.L.); Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Military Hospital, Poland (P.P.); and Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany (S.D.A.)
John R Teerlink - From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.R.D.T., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health (M.Q., J.L.P.T., B.L., R.B.), and Department of Neurology (J.P.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (A.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.); Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.M.P.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA (R.S.F.); Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Buffalo, NY (S.G.); University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Centro Neurológico de Tratamiento y Rehabilitación, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C.J.E.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (D.J.L.); Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Military Hospital, Poland (P.P.); and Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany (S.D.A.)
Susan Graham - From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.R.D.T., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health (M.Q., J.L.P.T., B.L., R.B.), and Department of Neurology (J.P.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (A.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.); Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.M.P.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA (R.S.F.); Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Buffalo, NY (S.G.); University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Centro Neurológico de Tratamiento y Rehabilitación, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C.J.E.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (D.J.L.); Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Military Hospital, Poland (P.P.); and Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany (S.D.A.)
Gregory Y H Lip - From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.R.D.T., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health (M.Q., J.L.P.T., B.L., R.B.), and Department of Neurology (J.P.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (A.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.); Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.M.P.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA (R.S.F.); Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Buffalo, NY (S.G.); University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Centro Neurológico de Tratamiento y Rehabilitación, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C.J.E.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (D.J.L.); Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Military Hospital, Poland (P.P.); and Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany (S.D.A.)
Bruce Levin - From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.R.D.T., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health (M.Q., J.L.P.T., B.L., R.B.), and Department of Neurology (J.P.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (A.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.); Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.M.P.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA (R.S.F.); Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Buffalo, NY (S.G.); University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Centro Neurológico de Tratamiento y Rehabilitación, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C.J.E.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (D.J.L.); Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Military Hospital, Poland (P.P.); and Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany (S.D.A.)
J P Mohr - From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.R.D.T., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health (M.Q., J.L.P.T., B.L., R.B.), and Department of Neurology (J.P.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (A.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.); Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.M.P.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA (R.S.F.); Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Buffalo, NY (S.G.); University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Centro Neurológico de Tratamiento y Rehabilitación, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C.J.E.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (D.J.L.); Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Military Hospital, Poland (P.P.); and Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany (S.D.A.)
Richard Buchsbaum - From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.R.D.T., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health (M.Q., J.L.P.T., B.L., R.B.), and Department of Neurology (J.P.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (A.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.); Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.M.P.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA (R.S.F.); Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Buffalo, NY (S.G.); University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Centro Neurológico de Tratamiento y Rehabilitación, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C.J.E.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (D.J.L.); Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Military Hospital, Poland (P.P.); and Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany (S.D.A.)
Conrado J Estol - From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.R.D.T., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health (M.Q., J.L.P.T., B.L., R.B.), and Department of Neurology (J.P.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (A.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.); Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.M.P.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA (R.S.F.); Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Buffalo, NY (S.G.); University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Centro Neurológico de Tratamiento y Rehabilitación, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C.J.E.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (D.J.L.); Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Military Hospital, Poland (P.P.); and Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany (S.D.A.)
Dirk J Lok - From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.R.D.T., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health (M.Q., J.L.P.T., B.L., R.B.), and Department of Neurology (J.P.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (A.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.); Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.M.P.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA (R.S.F.); Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Buffalo, NY (S.G.); University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Centro Neurológico de Tratamiento y Rehabilitación, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C.J.E.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (D.J.L.); Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Military Hospital, Poland (P.P.); and Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany (S.D.A.)
Piotr Ponikowski - From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.R.D.T., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health (M.Q., J.L.P.T., B.L., R.B.), and Department of Neurology (J.P.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (A.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.); Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.M.P.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA (R.S.F.); Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Buffalo, NY (S.G.); University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Centro Neurológico de Tratamiento y Rehabilitación, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C.J.E.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (D.J.L.); Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Military Hospital, Poland (P.P.); and Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany (S.D.A.)
Stefan D Anker - From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.R.D.T., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health (M.Q., J.L.P.T., B.L., R.B.), and Department of Neurology (J.P.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (A.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.); Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.M.P.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA (R.S.F.); Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Buffalo, NY (S.G.); University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Centro Neurológico de Tratamiento y Rehabilitación, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C.J.E.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (D.J.L.); Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Military Hospital, Poland (P.P.); and Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany (S.D.A.)
Shunichi Homma - From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.R.D.T., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health (M.Q., J.L.P.T., B.L., R.B.), and Department of Neurology (J.P.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa (A.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (D.L.M.); Departments of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.); Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Canterbury, United Kingdom (P.M.P.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA (R.S.F.); Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco (J.R.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Buffalo, NY (S.G.); University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); Centro Neurológico de Tratamiento y Rehabilitación, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C.J.E.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (D.J.L.); Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Military Hospital, Poland (P.P.); and Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Germany (S.D.A.)
Publication Details: Stroke (1970), Vol.47(8), pp.2031-2037
Publisher: United States
Grant note: U01 NS039143 / NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS043975 / NINDS NIH HHS
Academic Unit: UMMG Department of Neurology; Leadership Department; Miller School of Medicine
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
PMID: 27354224
Record Identifier: 991031559224502976