Abstract
Enteroviral infections have been associated with autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes (T1D), but reliable methods to ascertain localization of single infected cells in the pancreas were missing. Using a single-molecule-based fluorescent in situ hybridization (smFISH) method, we detected increased virus infection in pancreases from organ donors with T1D and with disease-associated autoantibodies (AAb+).
Although virus-positive β cells are found at higher frequency in T1D pancreases, compared to control donors, but are scarce, most virus-positive cells are scattered in the exocrine pancreas. Augmented CD45+ lymphocytes in T1D pancreases show virus positivity or localization in close proximity to virus-positive cells. Many more infected cells were also found in spleens from T1D donors.
The overall increased proportion of virus-positive cells in the pancreas of AAb+ and T1D organ donors suggests that enteroviruses are associated with immune cell infiltration, autoimmunity, and β cell destruction in both preclinical and diagnosed T1D.
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Enterovirus-infected cells are significantly increased in AAb+ and T1D pancreasesMost of the virus-positive cells are scattered within the exocrine pancreasVirus-positive β cells are rare but more in T1D compared to control donorsAlso elevated in T1D donors, there is more infection in spleens than in pancreases
By highly sensitive, single-molecule-based fluorescent in situ hybridization for viral RNA, Geravandi et al. found significantly increased enterovirus-infected cells in pancreases from organ donors with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and with disease-associated autoantibodies (AAb+), which were identified as exocrine, endocrine, and immune cells and scattered within the pancreas.
