Abstract
Background: Reduced lung function is associated with clinical outcomes such as cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about its association with incident end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Study Design: Prospective cohort study.
Setting & Participants: 14,946 participants aged 45 to 64 years at baseline (1987-1989) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (45.0% men and 25.2% black), with follow-up through 2012.
Predictors: Race-and sex-specific quartiles of percent-predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) and the proportion of forced expiratory volume in 1 second of expiration to FVC (FEV1/FVC) at baseline determined with spirometry.
Outcomes: Incident ESRD (defined here as renal replacement therapy or death due to CKD) as the primary outcome and incident CKD (defined here as ESRD, >= 25% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate to a level,60 mL/min/1.73 m(2), or CKD-related hospitalizations/deaths) as the secondary outcome.
Results: During a median follow-up of 23.6 years, 526 (3.5%) participants developed ESRD. After adjusting for potential confounders, the cause-specific HR of incident ESRD for the lowest (vs highest) quartile was 1.72 (95% CI, 1.31-2.26) for percent-predicted FVC and 1.33 (95% CI, 1.03-1.73) for FEV1/FVC. Compared to a high-normal lung function pattern, a mixed pattern (ie, percent-predicted FVC, 80% and FEV < FVC, 70%; 3.4% of participants) demonstrated the highest adjusted cause-specific HR of ESRD at 2.28 (95% CI, 1.50-3.45), followed by the restrictive pattern (ie, percent-predicted FVC < 80% and FEV1/FVC >= 70%; 4.8% of participants) at 2.03 (95% CI, 1.47-2.81), obstructive pattern (ie, percent-predicted FVC >= 80% and FEV1/FVC < 70%; 18.9% of participants) at 1.47 (95% CI, 1.09-1.99), and low-normal pattern (ie, percent-predicted FVC 80%-< 100% and FEV1/FVC >= 70%, or percent-predicted FVC >= 80% and FEV1/FVC 70%-< 75%; 44.3% of participants) at 1.21 (95% CI, 0.94-1.55). Similar associations were seen with incident CKD.
Limitations: Limited number of participants with moderate/severe lung dysfunction and spirometry only at baseline.
Conclusions: Reduced lung function, particularly lower percent-predicted FVC, is independently associated with CKD progression. Our findings suggest a potential pathophysiologic contribution of reduced lung function to the development of CKD and a need for monitoring kidney function in persons with reduced lung function. (C) 2017 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
