MR Imaging Radiomics Signatures for Predicting the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence as Given by Research Versions of MammaPrint, Oncotype DX, and PAM50 Gene Assays

Hui Li; Yitan Zhu; Elizabeth S Burnside; Karen Drukker; Katherine A Hoadley; Cheng Fan; Suzanne D Conzen; Gary J Whitman; Elizabeth J Sutton; Jose M Net; Marie Ganott; Erich Huang; Elizabeth A Morris; Charles M Perou; Yuan Ji; Maryellen L Giger

doi:10.1148/radiol.2016152110

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MR Imaging Radiomics Signatures for Predicting the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence as Given by Research Versions of MammaPrint, Oncotype DX, and PAM50 Gene Assays

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MR Imaging Radiomics Signatures for Predicting the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence as Given by Research Versions of MammaPrint, Oncotype DX, and PAM50 Gene Assays

Hui Li, Yitan Zhu, Elizabeth S Burnside, Karen Drukker, Katherine A Hoadley, Cheng Fan, Suzanne D Conzen, Gary J Whitman, Elizabeth J Sutton, Jose M Net, …

Radiology, Vol.281(2), pp.382-391

2016-11

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2016152110

PMCID: PMC5069147

PMID: 27144536

Abstract

Predictive Value of Tests

Gene Expression

Risk Assessment

Biomarkers, Tumor - analysis

Image Enhancement

Humans

Middle Aged

Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted

Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods

Neoplasm Recurrence, Local - pathology

Phenotype

Breast Neoplasms - genetics

Breast Neoplasms - pathology

Aged, 80 and over

Adult

Female

Neoplasm Recurrence, Local - genetics

Aged

Retrospective Studies

Genomics - methods

Purpose To investigate relationships between computer-extracted breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging phenotypes with multigene assays of MammaPrint, Oncotype DX, and PAM50 to assess the role of radiomics in evaluating the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Materials and Methods Analysis was conducted on an institutional review board-approved retrospective data set of 84 deidentified, multi-institutional breast MR examinations from the National Cancer Institute Cancer Imaging Archive, along with clinical, histopathologic, and genomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The data set of biopsy-proven invasive breast cancers included 74 (88%) ductal, eight (10%) lobular, and two (2%) mixed cancers. Of these, 73 (87%) were estrogen receptor positive, 67 (80%) were progesterone receptor positive, and 19 (23%) were human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive. For each case, computerized radiomics of the MR images yielded computer-extracted tumor phenotypes of size, shape, margin morphology, enhancement texture, and kinetic assessment. Regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis were conducted to assess the predictive ability of the MR radiomics features relative to the multigene assay classifications. Results Multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated significant associations (R = 0.25-0.32, r = 0.5-0.56, P < .0001) between radiomics signatures and multigene assay recurrence scores. Important radiomics features included tumor size and enhancement texture, which indicated tumor heterogeneity. Use of radiomics in the task of distinguishing between good and poor prognosis yielded area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.88 (standard error, 0.05), 0.76 (standard error, 0.06), 0.68 (standard error, 0.08), and 0.55 (standard error, 0.09) for MammaPrint, Oncotype DX, PAM50 risk of relapse based on subtype, and PAM50 risk of relapse based on subtype and proliferation, respectively, with all but the latter showing statistical difference from chance. Conclusion Quantitative breast MR imaging radiomics shows promise for image-based phenotyping in assessing the risk of breast cancer recurrence. RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration
Citation topics: 1 Clinical & Life Sciences; 1.119 Breast Cancer Scanning; 1.119.583 Mammography
Web Of Science research areas: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
ESI research areas: Clinical Medicine

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Title: MR Imaging Radiomics Signatures for Predicting the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence as Given by Research Versions of MammaPrint, Oncotype DX, and PAM50 Gene Assays
Creators: Hui Li - From the Depts of Radiology (H.L., K.D., M.L.G.) and Public Health Sciences (Y.J.), The Univ of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637; Program of Computational Genomics & Medicine, NorthShore Univ HealthSystem, Evanston, Ill (Y.Z., Y.J.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis (E.S.B.); Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.A.H., C.F., C.M.P.); Dept of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The Univ of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (S.D.C.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, The Univ of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, Tex (G.J.W.); Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (E.J.S., E.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Miami, Fla (J.M.N.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.G.); and Div of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Inst, Biometric Research Branch, Bethesda, Md (E.H.)
Yitan Zhu - From the Depts of Radiology (H.L., K.D., M.L.G.) and Public Health Sciences (Y.J.), The Univ of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637; Program of Computational Genomics & Medicine, NorthShore Univ HealthSystem, Evanston, Ill (Y.Z., Y.J.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis (E.S.B.); Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.A.H., C.F., C.M.P.); Dept of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The Univ of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (S.D.C.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, The Univ of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, Tex (G.J.W.); Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (E.J.S., E.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Miami, Fla (J.M.N.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.G.); and Div of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Inst, Biometric Research Branch, Bethesda, Md (E.H.)
Elizabeth S Burnside - From the Depts of Radiology (H.L., K.D., M.L.G.) and Public Health Sciences (Y.J.), The Univ of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637; Program of Computational Genomics & Medicine, NorthShore Univ HealthSystem, Evanston, Ill (Y.Z., Y.J.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis (E.S.B.); Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.A.H., C.F., C.M.P.); Dept of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The Univ of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (S.D.C.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, The Univ of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, Tex (G.J.W.); Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (E.J.S., E.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Miami, Fla (J.M.N.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.G.); and Div of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Inst, Biometric Research Branch, Bethesda, Md (E.H.)
Karen Drukker - From the Depts of Radiology (H.L., K.D., M.L.G.) and Public Health Sciences (Y.J.), The Univ of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637; Program of Computational Genomics & Medicine, NorthShore Univ HealthSystem, Evanston, Ill (Y.Z., Y.J.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis (E.S.B.); Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.A.H., C.F., C.M.P.); Dept of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The Univ of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (S.D.C.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, The Univ of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, Tex (G.J.W.); Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (E.J.S., E.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Miami, Fla (J.M.N.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.G.); and Div of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Inst, Biometric Research Branch, Bethesda, Md (E.H.)
Katherine A Hoadley - From the Depts of Radiology (H.L., K.D., M.L.G.) and Public Health Sciences (Y.J.), The Univ of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637; Program of Computational Genomics & Medicine, NorthShore Univ HealthSystem, Evanston, Ill (Y.Z., Y.J.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis (E.S.B.); Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.A.H., C.F., C.M.P.); Dept of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The Univ of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (S.D.C.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, The Univ of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, Tex (G.J.W.); Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (E.J.S., E.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Miami, Fla (J.M.N.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.G.); and Div of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Inst, Biometric Research Branch, Bethesda, Md (E.H.)
Cheng Fan - From the Depts of Radiology (H.L., K.D., M.L.G.) and Public Health Sciences (Y.J.), The Univ of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637; Program of Computational Genomics & Medicine, NorthShore Univ HealthSystem, Evanston, Ill (Y.Z., Y.J.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis (E.S.B.); Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.A.H., C.F., C.M.P.); Dept of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The Univ of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (S.D.C.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, The Univ of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, Tex (G.J.W.); Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (E.J.S., E.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Miami, Fla (J.M.N.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.G.); and Div of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Inst, Biometric Research Branch, Bethesda, Md (E.H.)
Suzanne D Conzen - From the Depts of Radiology (H.L., K.D., M.L.G.) and Public Health Sciences (Y.J.), The Univ of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637; Program of Computational Genomics & Medicine, NorthShore Univ HealthSystem, Evanston, Ill (Y.Z., Y.J.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis (E.S.B.); Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.A.H., C.F., C.M.P.); Dept of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The Univ of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (S.D.C.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, The Univ of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, Tex (G.J.W.); Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (E.J.S., E.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Miami, Fla (J.M.N.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.G.); and Div of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Inst, Biometric Research Branch, Bethesda, Md (E.H.)
Gary J Whitman - From the Depts of Radiology (H.L., K.D., M.L.G.) and Public Health Sciences (Y.J.), The Univ of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637; Program of Computational Genomics & Medicine, NorthShore Univ HealthSystem, Evanston, Ill (Y.Z., Y.J.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis (E.S.B.); Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.A.H., C.F., C.M.P.); Dept of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The Univ of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (S.D.C.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, The Univ of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, Tex (G.J.W.); Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (E.J.S., E.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Miami, Fla (J.M.N.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.G.); and Div of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Inst, Biometric Research Branch, Bethesda, Md (E.H.)
Elizabeth J Sutton - From the Depts of Radiology (H.L., K.D., M.L.G.) and Public Health Sciences (Y.J.), The Univ of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637; Program of Computational Genomics & Medicine, NorthShore Univ HealthSystem, Evanston, Ill (Y.Z., Y.J.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis (E.S.B.); Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.A.H., C.F., C.M.P.); Dept of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The Univ of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (S.D.C.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, The Univ of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, Tex (G.J.W.); Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (E.J.S., E.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Miami, Fla (J.M.N.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.G.); and Div of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Inst, Biometric Research Branch, Bethesda, Md (E.H.)
Jose M Net - From the Depts of Radiology (H.L., K.D., M.L.G.) and Public Health Sciences (Y.J.), The Univ of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637; Program of Computational Genomics & Medicine, NorthShore Univ HealthSystem, Evanston, Ill (Y.Z., Y.J.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis (E.S.B.); Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.A.H., C.F., C.M.P.); Dept of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The Univ of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (S.D.C.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, The Univ of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, Tex (G.J.W.); Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (E.J.S., E.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Miami, Fla (J.M.N.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.G.); and Div of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Inst, Biometric Research Branch, Bethesda, Md (E.H.)
Marie Ganott - From the Depts of Radiology (H.L., K.D., M.L.G.) and Public Health Sciences (Y.J.), The Univ of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637; Program of Computational Genomics & Medicine, NorthShore Univ HealthSystem, Evanston, Ill (Y.Z., Y.J.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis (E.S.B.); Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.A.H., C.F., C.M.P.); Dept of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The Univ of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (S.D.C.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, The Univ of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, Tex (G.J.W.); Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (E.J.S., E.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Miami, Fla (J.M.N.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.G.); and Div of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Inst, Biometric Research Branch, Bethesda, Md (E.H.)
Erich Huang - From the Depts of Radiology (H.L., K.D., M.L.G.) and Public Health Sciences (Y.J.), The Univ of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637; Program of Computational Genomics & Medicine, NorthShore Univ HealthSystem, Evanston, Ill (Y.Z., Y.J.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis (E.S.B.); Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.A.H., C.F., C.M.P.); Dept of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The Univ of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (S.D.C.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, The Univ of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, Tex (G.J.W.); Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (E.J.S., E.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Miami, Fla (J.M.N.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.G.); and Div of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Inst, Biometric Research Branch, Bethesda, Md (E.H.)
Elizabeth A Morris - From the Depts of Radiology (H.L., K.D., M.L.G.) and Public Health Sciences (Y.J.), The Univ of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637; Program of Computational Genomics & Medicine, NorthShore Univ HealthSystem, Evanston, Ill (Y.Z., Y.J.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis (E.S.B.); Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.A.H., C.F., C.M.P.); Dept of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The Univ of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (S.D.C.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, The Univ of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, Tex (G.J.W.); Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (E.J.S., E.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Miami, Fla (J.M.N.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.G.); and Div of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Inst, Biometric Research Branch, Bethesda, Md (E.H.)
Charles M Perou - From the Depts of Radiology (H.L., K.D., M.L.G.) and Public Health Sciences (Y.J.), The Univ of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637; Program of Computational Genomics & Medicine, NorthShore Univ HealthSystem, Evanston, Ill (Y.Z., Y.J.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis (E.S.B.); Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.A.H., C.F., C.M.P.); Dept of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The Univ of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (S.D.C.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, The Univ of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, Tex (G.J.W.); Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (E.J.S., E.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Miami, Fla (J.M.N.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.G.); and Div of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Inst, Biometric Research Branch, Bethesda, Md (E.H.)
Yuan Ji - From the Depts of Radiology (H.L., K.D., M.L.G.) and Public Health Sciences (Y.J.), The Univ of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637; Program of Computational Genomics & Medicine, NorthShore Univ HealthSystem, Evanston, Ill (Y.Z., Y.J.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis (E.S.B.); Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.A.H., C.F., C.M.P.); Dept of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The Univ of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (S.D.C.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, The Univ of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, Tex (G.J.W.); Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (E.J.S., E.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Miami, Fla (J.M.N.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.G.); and Div of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Inst, Biometric Research Branch, Bethesda, Md (E.H.)
Maryellen L Giger - From the Depts of Radiology (H.L., K.D., M.L.G.) and Public Health Sciences (Y.J.), The Univ of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637; Program of Computational Genomics & Medicine, NorthShore Univ HealthSystem, Evanston, Ill (Y.Z., Y.J.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis (E.S.B.); Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (K.A.H., C.F., C.M.P.); Dept of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, The Univ of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (S.D.C.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, The Univ of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, Tex (G.J.W.); Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (E.J.S., E.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Miami, Fla (J.M.N.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.G.); and Div of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Inst, Biometric Research Branch, Bethesda, Md (E.H.)
Publication Details: Radiology, Vol.281(2), pp.382-391
Grant note: R01 CA166945 / NCI NIH HHS K24 CA194251 / NCI NIH HHS U54 AI117924 / NIAID NIH HHS P30 CA016672 / NCI NIH HHS R01 CA132897 / NCI NIH HHS U01 CA195564 / NCI NIH HHS P30 CA014520 / NCI NIH HHS R01 CA127379 / NCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748 / NCI NIH HHS U24 CA143848 / NCI NIH HHS P30 CA014599 / NCI NIH HHS P50 CA058223 / NCI NIH HHS
Academic Unit: Miller School of Medicine; UMMG Department of Radiology
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
PMID: 27144536
PMCID: PMC5069147
Record Identifier: 991031599093102976