Abstract
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•Novel integrated systems for controlling and prevention of mosquito-borne diseases.•Cost analysis of water and sanitation options in public zones and individual houses.•Approaches for improving sanitation and water resources.•Rainwater harvesting systems and waterless portable private toilets.
Mosquito-borne diseases, as a threat to public health, are primarily caused by the lack of clean water access and poor sanitation. On the way to overcome these problems, the sixth goal of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG–6) is imperative to improve sanitation practices and access to clean water supplies in a safe and sustainable way. By considering weak points of current centralized water and sanitation systems on the way to achieve SDG–6, finding sustainable approaches as alternative to unrealistic, unreliable and uneconomical water supplies (e.g. dams, groundwater and bottled water) and dangerous sanitation practices such as open defecation is essential to protect the public’s health against the recently spreading diseases such as Zika, Ebola, Malaria, etc. In this case, we developed novel integrated systems in which rainwater harvesting systems and waterless toilets, along with self-cleaning ponds. In this paper, suitable key elements and their roles in new water and sanitation management are introduced together with assessments of each key system identified for both public and residential zones. Comparisons with the current treatment plants by using economic analysis are discussed with reasonable parameters.
