Abstract
Activities of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) in boreal winter has recently been found to be stronger in easterly phases of the stratospheric quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) than its westerly phases. This QBO‐MJO connection was investigated in this study using a method that identifies individual MJO events by tracking their eastward propagating signals in precipitation. Stronger MJO activities in QBO easterly phases are a consequence of more MJO days, not larger amplitudes of individual MJO events as previously thought. More MJO days come from more MJO events initiated over the Indian Ocean and their longer duration because of a weaker barrier effect of the Maritime Continent on MJO propagation. Zonal heterogeneity exists in the connection between QBO, MJO, and tropical total precipitation in general. This poses a challenge to our current understanding of the MJO dynamics, which has yet to fully include upper‐tropospheric and stratospheric processes.
Key Points
Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) activities are stronger in easterly phases of the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) because of more MJO days, not larger amplitudes of individual MJO events
More MJO days in easterly phases of QBO come from more MJO events formed over the Indian Ocean and a weaker barrier effect of the Maritime Continent
Responses of the MJO and total precipitation to QBO are not zonally uniform, which remains to be explained
