Abstract
Structural overloading, dynamic vibrations, settlements, and in-plane and out-of-plane deformations can cause unreinforced masonry (URM) structures to fail. Such failure can lead to more material damage and loss of life during earthquakes than any other type of structural element. Failure of URM walls subject to in-plane and out-of-plane loads caused by high wind pressures or earthquakes can be prevented or reduced using fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. The advantages of FRP versus conventional steel for use as a reinforcement are noted. FRP composites and their properties are described, looking at the different types of fibre used. Two FRP applications designed to improve the capacity to withstand out-of-plane loads (flexural strengthening) and in-plane loads (shear strengthening) are presented. Test results are given.