Abstract
•The prognosis for traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with subdural hematoma (SDH) remains poor.•Removal of the SDH results in the immediate reversal of ischemia accompanied by an abrupt reduction of mass and an ensuing additional reperfusion injury.•In this review, we describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology and broad clinical background of SDH.•We mention the subdural hematoma rat model. For the successful translation from animal model to real clinical trial, some important points should also be addressed.
The prognosis for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) with subdural hematoma (SDH) remains poor. In accordance with an increasing elderly population, the incidence of geriatric TBI with SDH is rising.
An important contributor to the neurological injury associated with SDH is the ischemic damage which is caused by raised intracranial pressure (ICP) producing impaired cerebral perfusion. To control intracranial hypertension, the current management consists of hematoma evacuation with or without decompressive craniotomy. This removal of the SDH results in the immediate reversal of global ischemia accompanied by an abrupt reduction of mass lesion and an ensuing reperfusion injury. Experimental models can play a critical role in improving our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and in exploring potential treatments for patients with SDH.
In this review, we describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical background of SDH.
