Abstract
Technologies for controlling mosquito vectors based on genetic manipulation and the release of genetically modified mosquitoes (GMMs) are gaining ground. However, concrete epidemiological evidence of their effectiveness, sustainability, and impact on the environment and nontarget species is lacking; no reliable ecological evidence on the potential interactions among GMMs, target populations, and other mosquito species populations exists; and no GMM technology has yet been approved by the WHO Vector Control Advisory Group. Our opinion is that, although GMMs may be considered a promising control tool, more studies are needed to assess their true effectiveness, risks, and benefits. Overall, several lines of evidence must be provided before GMM-based control strategies can be used under the integrated vector management framework.
Prospects for preventing (re)emerging mosquito-borne diseases expose the lack of tools available to effectively control mosquito populations and prevent the spread of vector-borne diseases.
Despite the large number of potential new tools for mosquito control, it is likely that only a few will be proven effective and safe upon evaluation by the Vector Control Advisory Group of the World Health Organization.
Strategies based on the release of GMMs are currently being tested and evaluated by the Vector Control Advisory Group.
Studies providing ecological evidence on the interactions among GMMs, target populations, and other nontarget mosquito species are lacking.
Several lines of evidence must be provided before GMMs can be used under the integrated vector control framework.
