Abstract
Penicillium species are ubiquitous worldwide and constitute one of the largest fungal genera. Typically benign, Penicillium (P.) non-marneffei species can become a serious threat in immunocompromised hosts with the potential for high mortality. We present a rare care of disseminated P. non-marneffei infection in a Honduran patient with advanced HIV, initially manifesting as nonspecific symptoms. After a thorough and unrevealing workup, an inguinal lymph node biopsy resulted in positive fungal staining of tissue. However, expanded polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of fungal 28S rDNA was necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Here we describe the first reported case of disseminated infection in a patient with HIV/AIDS presenting with lymphadenitis and propose treatment recommendations as no standards have been developed yet.